118 исторических миниатюр и 108 авторских текстов на 13 иностранных языках. Сборник

De Bougainville begins military and diplomatic careers. Participates in battles in Canada.

The researcher's interests do not leave him. Rotating in the scientific community, he hears the phrase: "South America - the continent of unusual colors." Military career becomes naval.

De Bougainville leads an expedition to create a French colony in Port Saint Louis on the Falkland Islands, at that time unoccupied.

In 1766-69 he became the head of the first French round-the-world expedition on the ships "Boudeuse" and ";toile".

In Brazil, the botanist Philibert Kommerson (Philibert Commer;on), part of the first French round-the-world expedition, discovered a flower named " Bougainvillea".

Swimming was not without other pleasant events.

For example, in May 1768, de Bougainville finds out that one of the servants who sail with the expedition is in fact a woman disguised as a man. It was the friend of the botanist Philibert Kommerson; It is believed that she was the first woman in the world to have passed around the world on a ship.

Due to this circumstance, de Bougainville had the opportunity to perform a gallant act, but not so much in relation to a particular woman, as to the female sex in general.

Who else in the world history - Who had such an opportunity? Sandro Botticelli?

The first French round-the-world expedition is conducting extensive research and making significant discoveries. Discovered June 30, 1768, the island was given the name of the leader of the expedition: Bougainville.

The expedition returned to France. The book of de Bougainville about the round-the-world trip receives European popularity.

Further, de Bougainville participates in the war for US independence. The result is known. According to the Treaty of Versailles, 1783 Britain recognized the independence of the United States.

De Bougainville is preparing a project for the expedition to the North Pole. But he hears the Minister's words: it is pointless to look for exotic flowers and fine grape varieties at the North Pole, especially if they are not there. De Bougainville eventually admitted that the minister had shown the forethought of the wise man.

During the Revolution de Bougainville remains loyal to Louis XVI.

As of January 1, 1792 de Bougainville - Vice Admiral. He retires to devote himself to science and family.

De Bougainville was arrested "during the Terror" as a suspect. Behind the bars was a man who had a national, and even pan-European, fame.

An unusual tension appeared in the atmosphere. Perhaps Robespierre felt some change in the situation, some vague signals from the future.

At the end of June 1794, Robespierre departed from the work of the Committee for Public Salvation, and within 1.5 months (until July 26, 1794) did not perform speeches in the National Convention ... On July 28, 1794, Robespierre was guillotined. After a while de Bougainville was released.

The subsequent life of de Bougainville was also very full. De Bougainville acted as a patron of gardening. He hired a young master of gardener Christophe Cochet (1777-1819), at the age of 22. He instructed Christophe to focus on growing roses. Beginning with the assistance of de Bougewil, the cause of the cultivation of roses reached a large scale and was widely known.

Once - already in the cold season - de Bougainville watched the rain with snow. Park and garden roses by that time have long faded. Suddenly, a petal fell on his palm along with a snowflake. As an explorer, de Bougainville wondered: are not the wind-blown petals flying around the world? The melting snowflake for some reason recalled the sea spray falling on the face during a round-the-world trip.

Under Napoleon Bonaparte de Bougainville becomes a senator (1799), Earl of the Empire (1808), holds important posts, receives high awards.

De Bougainville died in Paris on August 31, 1811. His body rests in the Pantheon.

In 1766, de Bougainville started the first French round-the-world trip (December 5, 1766 from Brest). Flew 250 years. On November 6, 2016, another world-famous Frenchman Thomas Coville started his round-the-world, single non-stop trip on the trimaran. In the same year 2016 (December 25, 2016), he completed it, setting a speed record. After spending a night on a trimaran after an outstanding record, on December 26, 2016 Thomas Covil descended to shore, in Brest.

January 14, 2017.

This translation: 22.08.2017 11:42

IV.Interview on the riddle of the Fourth State Duma.

The participants in the upcoming presentation included some well-known deputies of the IV State Duma of Russian Empire, V.A. Maklakov, P.N. Miliukov, A.F. Kerensky. The correspondents addressed to them with the intention of finding out why, after the February Revolution of 1917, the IV (Fourth ) State Duma did not resume work.

The most laconic was Vasily Alekseevich Maklakov:

– Loyal, monarchical, constitutional parties, whose representatives were members of the Provisional Committee of the IV State Duma, did not want to convoke the State Duma.

It was clear that Maklakov did not want to have a detailed discussion on the subject.

A student, interested in the statement of V.A. Maklakova, remembered:

– In the manifesto on abdication, dated March 2, 1917, Emperor Nicholas II wrote, in particular: "... In agreement with the State Duma, we recognized for the benefit of abdicating the Throne of the Russian State and resigning from the supreme authority. ... Instruct our brother to rule affairs by state in full and inviolable unity with representatives of the people in legislative institutions, on those principles that will be established by them, bringing in that inviolable oath. "

There was an uneasy silence.

Correspondents switched to Pavel Nikolayevich Milyukov. He was somewhat more talkative, although he was also laconic:

– The State Duma did not try to open a formal meeting, despite the demand of MP M. Karaulov. (...) A private meeting of the members of the Duma instructed the Council of Elders to elect the Provisional Committee of the Duma members and determine the further role of the State Duma in the events that had begun.