Английский язык. Курс перевода

Wordlist

internal combustion engine – двигатель внутреннего сгорания

fuel – топливо

to occur – происходить

chamber – камера

piston – поршень

nozzle – форсунка, наконечник, выпускное отверстие

stroke – ход, такт

intake – всасывание compression – сжатие

to ignite – воспламенять(ся) зажигать

spark plug – запальная свеча

approximately – приблизительно

downward (upward) – движение вниз (вверх)

exhaust gases – отработанные (выхлопные) газы

valve – клапан

spring – пружина

Answer the questions.

1. What is internal combustion engine?

2. What process produces force in the engine?

3. Who created the first ICE?

4. What are the main strokes in the ICE?

5. Can you describe them?

Text 4

The Wheel

One of mankind s earliest and greatest inventions was the wheel. Without it there could be no industry, little transportation or communications, only crude farming, no electric power. Nobody knows when the wheel was invented. There is no trace of the wheel during the Stone Age, and it was not known to the American Indians until the White Man came. In the Old World it came into use during the Bronze Age, when horses and oxen were used as work animals.

At first all wheels were solid discs. The problem to be solved was to make the wheels lighter and at the same time keep them strong. At first holes were made in the wheels, and they became some with iron and then with rubber.

Wordlist

mankind – человечество

trace – след

to come into use – найти свое применение

Bronze Age – Бронзовый Век

solid – прочный, твердый

hole – отверстие

Answer the questions.

1. What was one of the greatest world's inventions?

2. When was the wheel invented?

3. What was the problem to be solved with the wheels?

4. What was the wheel covered with?

Scientists and Inventors

Text 5

Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton is generally regarded as one of the greatest and most famous scientists in history. Newton was an astronomer, physicist, mathematic and philosopher who is known for theorizing and reporting on gravitational force and three laws of motion.

Isaac Newton discovered that white light is made up of a spectrum of colours, that when blender together produce the white light. He showed by use of a prism that white light can be split into a spectrum of colours and then used a second prism to show this spectrum can then be rejoined to produce white light. Newton also theorized that light was composed of particles but had to associate the property of light with waves in order to explain refraction of light.

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