Английский язык. Практический курс для решения бизнес-задач
Шрифт:
Source: J. Stodder, Rensselaer at Hartford, Spring 2005
Essential Vocabulary
1. relocation n – перемещение, передислокация (рабочей силы или производства)
relocate v – перемещать, передислоцировать
2. bulk-to-value ratio – отношение массы груза к его ценности
3. sunk costs – понесенные расходы, расходы прошлых периодов
4. variable costs – переменные
5. labor intensity – трудоемкость
labor intensive – трудоемкий
6. natural-resources intensity – ресурсоемкость
natural-resources intensive – ресурсоемкий
7. consumer electronics – бытовые электронные приборы
8. economies of scope – экономия на масштабах маркетинга и сбыта
9. apparel industry – производство одежды
10. import quota – импортная квота
11. local content – использование местной рабочей силы и оборудования
12. midlevel manager – менеджер среднего звена
13. offshoring n – офшорная деятельность
offshore n – офшор
offshore a – офшорный
14. cargo n – груз
15. cost effective a – эффективный по издержкам
16. automotive company – автомобилестроительная компания
17. factor in(to) v – встраивать, учитывать
18. purchasing power – покупательная способность
19. state-of-the-art – самый современный на настоящий момент
20.licensing n – лицензирование
license n – лицензия
licensor n – лицензиар
licensee n – лицензиат
license v – разрешать, давать разрешение, выдавать лицензию
21. technology transfer – передача технологии
22. horizontal FDI – горизонтальные прямые иностранные инвестиции
23. red tape – бюрократизм
24. kickback n – «откат»
25. tax evasion – уклонение от уплаты налогов незаконными методами
26. vertical FDI – вертикальные прямые иностранные инвестиции
Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.
1. What are the determinants of the course of globalization in an industry or a company? 2. What production aspects determine an industry’s potential to globalize? 3. How can a host country’s regulations inhibit globalization? 4. What are the organizational constraints of globalization for a company or an industry? 5. What are the right conditions required to attract FDI? 6. What was the initial focus of MNCs in Russia? 7. What was Ford’s approach to doing business in Russia? 8. How did GM establish its presence in Russia? 9. What is the essence of the OLI theory?
Exercise 2. Explain the meaning of the following terms: «labor intensive», «energy intensive», «capital intensive», «knowledge intensive» and «natural resource intensive». Make sentences of your own with each term.
Exercise 3*. Find terms in the text that match definitions given below and make sentences of your own with each term.
1. efficiencies associated with increasing or decreasing the scale of production
2. efficiencies associated with increasing or decreasing the scope of marketing and distribution
3. a company that manages production establishments located in different countries to produce same or similar products
4. the return of a portion of a commission or payment in accordance with a secret agreement
5. formal permission or authorization to do or forbear some act; a certificate of such permission
6. a corporation that manages production establishments located in at least two countries
7. of international commodity agreements, quantities of the commodity under consideration that contracting countries undertake to import, or quantities that exporting contracting countries undertake not to exceed
8. rigid or excessive routines and procedures causing delay or inaction, as in a bureaucracy
9. a company that manages production establishment in certain country/countries to produce products that serve as input to its production establishments in other country/ countries
Exercise 4. Describe pros and cons of MNCs’ activities in Russian economy using the words funding, investments, technology transfer, know-how, best practices, national sovereignty, relocation, corporate governance, labor costs, competitiveness, employment, wages and salaries, local content, education, fiscal discipline, corruption, environment protection, labor intensive, polluting enterprises, living standards, natural resources, transfer pricing, lobbying, multiplier effect, etc.
Exercise 5*. Fill in the blanks using terms given below.
Multinationals Say Russia Needs a Makeover
Russia needs to take better care of its image abroad if it wants to compete for foreign investment with other……… like China and India, senior executives from leading……. said Monday.
The government should figure out how to bring its often negative image into line with the more positive reality of…….. in Russia, said a number of members of the Foreign Investment Advisory Committee.
FIAC is a forum that for the past decade has been bringing together…….. with the leaders of 25 large, long-standing investors, including BP, Nestle, ExxonMobil and Deutsche Bank.
«Other regions of the world, China especially, have become favored destinations for investment,» said Jim Turley, chairman of Ernst & Young Global, who…….FIAC with Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov.
Last year, Russia received a mere $6.8 billion in………, compared to China’s $53.5 billion, according to Renaissance Capital.