Английский язык. Теория и практика. Употребление времен

Упражнение 34

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. Look at my new dress! I (to make) it myself. 2. I (to see) you walking along the street the other day with a heavy bag. 3. He (to come) a moment ago. 4. I (to see) Pete today. 5. He (not yet to come) back. 6. He is not at school today, he (to fall) ill. – When he (to fall) ill? – He (to fall) ill yesterday. 7. I (not to read) the newspaper today. 8. I never (to speak) to him. 9. She (to see) this film last Sunday. 10. He (to go) already? 11. I already (to do) my homework. Now I can go for a walk. 12. It is very late, and trams (to stop) running: we must find a taxi to get home. 13. He just (to finish) his work.

Упражнение 35

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. Alex (to meet) his friend two hours ago. 2. When you (to see) him last? 3. I (to do) my homework yesterday. 4. How many times you (to be) to Toronto? 5. You (to make) any spelling mistakes in your dictation? 6. I just (to meet) our teacher. 7. I (not to see) him for ages. 8. He just (to come) home. 9. At last I (to translate) this article: now I will have a little rest. 10. What books you (to read) when you (to live) in the country? 11. The children already (to decide) what to do with the books. 12. His health (to improve) greatly since I (to see) him last. 13. He (to come) home a minute ago.

Упражнение 36

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. We (to go) to the country yesterday, but the rain (to spoil) all the pleasure. 2. They (not yet to come) from the south. 3. Yesterday they (to decide) to help their grandmother. 4. You (to pass) your driving test yet? – Yes, I (to pass) it in May, but I (not to buy) a car yet. 5. Nick (to play) football yesterday. 6. My watch was going in the morning, but now it (to stop). 7. He (to be) ill last week, but now he (to recover). 8. I (not to see) you for a long time. I (to see) you in town two or three days ago, but you (not to see) me. I (to be) on a bus. 9. He already (to move). He (to find) a nice flat last Christmas and he (to be) there a year already. 10. She already (to come) from school. Now she is doing her homework. 11. The lecture (not yet to begin) and the students are talking in the classroom. 12. If everybody (to read) this new novel, let’s discuss it. 13. I (to read) this book last year.

Упражнение 37

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. You (to book) tickets? – Yes, I …. I (to book) them several days ago. 2. I (to read) this book this year. 3. I can hardly recognize you. I (not to see) you since you (to leave) for Toronto. And you (to change) so much. 4. I never (to be) to Washington. 5. You (to read) all the books on this shelf? 6. You ever (to be) to New York? 7. I (not to see) my cousin since last year. 8. I don’t think you ever (to see) Niagara Falls. 9. Why you (to put) these things in the wrong place? 10. I (to invite) Linda to the party. – When you (to see) her? – I (not to see) her for ages. I (to call) her an hour ago. 11. Why you (to leave) the door open? You will catch cold sitting in the draught. 12. “We (not to meet) for such a long time!” said my friend. “Yes, indeed,” I answered, “and we both (to grow).”

Разница между The Past Simple и The Past Perfect

Past Simple используется, когда действия происходят в хронологическом порядке, а Past Perfect – когда нужно показать, какое действие произошло первым, раньше остальных действий.

He started the car, turned the radio on and fastened the seat belt. – Он завел машину, включил радио и пристегнул ремень безопасности.

Действия описываются в хронологическом порядке: сначала он завел машину, потом включил радио и пристегнул ремень безопасности.

He started the car, turned the radio on, but before he had fastened the seat belt. – Он завел машину, включил радио, но перед этим пристегнул ремень безопасности.

Действия описываются не в хронологическом порядке: сначала он пристегнул ремень безопасности, а затем завел машину и включил радио.

Часто в подобных предложениях используется слово when (когда).

When I got home, my son took my car. – Когда я пришел домой, мой сын взял у меня машину.

When I got home, I found that my son had taken my car. – Когда я пришел домой, я обнаружил, что мой сын взял мою машину.

Если из контекста нам понятно, что одно действие произошло раньше другого, можно использовать как Past Perfect, так и Past Simple. Часто понять контекст и очередность событий помогают следующие слова-маркеры: before (перед тем как, до того как), after (после того как), first (сперва, сначала), as soon as (сразу после того как, как только), earlier (раньше) и т. д.

I didn’t worry about speaking in front of so many people. I gave public speeches earlier. – Я не переживал насчет выступления перед большим количеством людей. Я и ранее выступал на публике.

I didn’t worry about speaking in front of so many people. I had given public speeches earlier. – Я не переживал насчет выступления перед большим количеством людей. Я и ранее выступал на публике.

Упражнение 38

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.

1. When the police … (to arrive), we already … (to catch) the thief. 2. Tom (to return) from the cinema at five o’clock. 3. By two o’clock the teacher (to examine) all the students. 4. Jack … (to finish) the test before the bell … (to ring). 5. Tom (to return) from the cinema by five o’clock. 6. On my way to school I (to remember) that I (to leave) my report at home. 7. When Anna … (to come) to say good-night, her children already … (to fall) asleep. 8. I (to finish) my homework at seven o’clock. 9. My friends (to be) glad to hear that I (to pass) all the exams successfully. 10. Scott already … (to prepare) the dinner when her husband … (to get) home from work. 11. I (to finish) my homework by seven o’clock. 12. Poor Oliver (to lie) unconscious on the spot where Sikes (to leave) him. 13. When Brad and Susan … (to get) married, they … (to know) each other for 3 years. 14. He (to think) that he (to lose) the money. 15. Mary (to tell) us that she (to cook) a good dinner.

Упражнение 39

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.

1. He (to open) his eyes, (to look) around and (to try) to remember what (to happen) to him. 2. She … (not to enjoy) the film because she … (to read) the book before. 3. Ann (to tell) me that she (to see) an interesting film. 4. All the passengers (to see) at once that the old man (to travel) a great deal in his life. 5. Our apartment … (to be) in a mess because I … (to have) a birthday party the night before. 6. When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner. 7. By the time we (to come) to see him, he (to return) home. 8. We … (not to go) to a restaurant because we … (to spend) all our money on clothes. 9. When father (to return) from work, we already (to do) our homework. 10. During the holidays my friend (to visit) the village where he (to live) in his childhood. 11. Mary … (can’t go skating) after she … (to break) her leg. 12. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 13. When they (to enter) the hall, the performance already (to begin). 14. Larry … (to be) late because he … (to get) stuck in a traffic jam. 15. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before. 16. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer.