Гипноз т?сінігі: ?ылыми к?з?арас

Av?senna (980-1037), parsy darigeri, 1027 jyly "trans" (g?pnozdyq trans) ku?inin s?pattamalaryn qujattady. Al g?pnoz med?s?nalyq qural retinde s?rek qoldanylgan; nemis darigeri Frans Mesmer ony 18 gasyrda qa?ta engizdi.

Frans Mesmer (1734-1815) galamda adam agzasynyn densaylygyna aser etetin "janyarlar magnet?zmi" dep atalatyn magn?ttik kush nemese "su?yqtyq" bar dep sendi. Ol emdeydi bastay ushin osy oriske aser ety ushin magn?ttermen tajir?be jasady. Shamamen 1774 jylga qara? ol dal osynda? aserdi sybektinin denesinin aldyna qoldarymen syrgyty arqyly jasayga bolady degen qorytyndyga keldi, ony ke?inirek "mesmer?kalyq otkelder"dep ata?dy.

1784 jyly korol Ludov?k XVI-nyn otinishi bo?ynsha Janyarlar magnet?zmi jonindegi eki koroldik kom?s?aga belgili bir Charlz D ' Eslonnyn (1750-1786), Mesmerdin narazy shakirti, "Janyarlar magnet?zminin", "magn?ttik janyardyn" bolyy tyraly (metaforalyq emes) malimdemelerin tergey (bolek) tapsyryldy. jane f?z?kalyq "magn?ttik su?yqtyq", "magn?ttik su?yqtyq". Zertteyshilerge galym Antyan Lavyaze, elektr jane jerdegi magnet?zm bo?ynsha sarapshy Bendjam?n Frankl?n jane ayyrsynydy basatyn sarapshy Djozef-Ignas G?lot?n kirdi.

Kom?s?a musheleri D ' Eslonnyn tajir?besin zerttedi; jane olar Mesmerdin "emdelyi" shynymen de "emdely" ekenin sozsiz mo?yndaganymen, olar Mesmerdin osy "emdeydin"bastamashysy bolganyn (nemese bolmaganyn) zerttegen joq. D ' Eslon prosedyralaryn zerttey barysynda olar eksper?menttik hattamalaryn Lavyaze jasagan random?zas?alangan baqylanatyn zertteylerdin ken ser?asyn jurgizdi, sonyn ishinde "jalgan" jane "shyna?y" prosedyralardy qoldany jane en bastysy, zertteyshilerge de, olardyn sybektilerine de "koz ba?laydy" birinshi ret qoldany.

Olardyn tergeylerinin nat?jesinde eki kom?s?a da D ' Eslonnyn boljamdy "janyar magnet?zminin" de, onyn boljamdy "magn?ttik su?yqtygynyn" da manyzdy f?z?kalyq tirshiligi tyraly malimdemesin rasta?tyn eshqanda? dalel joq degen qorytyndyga keldi; jane bul proseste olar ba?qagan barlyq aserlerdi f?z?olog?alyq (metaf?z?kalyq emes) tikele? jatqyzyga bolatynyn anyqtady) is-areketke, atap a?tqanda, eksper?mentaldy turde ba?qalatyn barlyq qubylystar tikele? "ba?lanysqa", "q?alga" jane (nemese) "elikteyge"jatqyzylyy mumkin. Aqyrynda Mesmer Par?jden ketip, Venaga oralyp, mesmer?zmmen a?nalysty. Fransyz kom?tetinin tujyrymdaryna su?ene otyryp, "shotlandtyq aqyl-o? mektebinin" yqpaldy akadem?alyq f?losofy Dygald Stuart darigerlerdi ozinin "adam aqyl-o? f?losof?asynyn elementterinde" (1818) "Janyarlar magnet?zminin" tab?gattan tys teor?asyn "jalpy magynaga", f?z?olog?a men ps?holog?a zandaryna negizdelgen jana ?nterpretas?amen almastyry arqyly mesmer?zm elementterin qutqaryga shaqyrdy. Bre?dtin kezinde Shotland?anyn jalpy aqyl mektebi akadem?alyq ps?holog?anyn basym teor?alaryn usyndy, al Bre?d ozinin barlyq jazbalarynda osy dasturdin basqa f?losoftaryna silteme jasa?dy. Sondyqtan Bre?d mesmer?zm teor?asy men prakt?kasyn qa?ta qarap, ozinin g?pnoz adisin aqylga qonymdy balama retinde jasady.

Bre?d "ras?onaldy mesmer?zm" atayymen qysqasha o?naganyna qaramastan, sa?yp kelgende, ol ozinin kozqarasynyn erekshe aspektilerin atap otyge sheshim qabyldady, ozinin bukil mansabynda tab?gattan tys kushterdi tydyrgan tajir?belerdi joqqa shygary ushin be?resm? eksper?mentter jurgizdi jane onyn ornyna usynys pen shogyrlany s?aqty adettegi f?z?olog?alyq jane ps?holog?alyq prosesterdin rolin korsetti ba?qalgan aserlerdi alyda nazar aydarynyz.

Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.