В поисках энергии. Ресурсные войны, новые технологии и будущее энергетики
Шрифт:
4. Cummins, Internal Fire, pp. 138–72.
5. Chicago Tribune, August 8, 1892 (“a wagon propelled”); James Flink, The Automobile Age (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1990), p. 2 (Red Flag Act).
6. Flink, The Automobile Age, p. 13.
7. Brinkley, Wheels for the World, p. 32; Akron Beacon Journal, June 20, 1999 (first police car); Carl Sulzberger, “An Early Road Warrior: Electric Vehicles in the Early Years of the Automobile,” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 2, no. 3 (2004), pp. 66–71.
8. U. S. Department of Energy, “History of Electric Vehicles: The Early Years (1890 to 1930)” (Phaeton, steamers); James Flink, America Adopts the Automobile, 1895–1910 (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1970), pp. 242, 273.
9. Matthew Josephson, Edison: A Biography (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1992), pp. 407–14.
10. Brinkley, Wheels for the World, pp. 114–15 (“useless nuisance”).
11. John B. Rae, American Automobile Manufacturers: The First Forty Years (Philadelphia: Chilton Company, 1959), p. 33 (“fever”); Flink, America Adopts the Automobile, 1895–1910, pp. 50, 64 (“god to the women”).
12. Brinkley, Wheels for the World, p. 100 (“greatest need today”); Ford Corporation, “Model T Facts,” at http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=858.
13. Josephson, Edison: A Biography, p. 423 (“electric Pigs”).
14. National Petroleum News, February 5, 1936 (“dump”).
15. Robert Stobaugh and Daniel Yergin, eds., Energy Future: A Report of the Energy Project at the Harvard Business School (New York: Ballantine Books, 1979), p. 183 (“handouts”); Henry Ford II, speech, White House Conference on Balanced National Growth and Economic Development, January 30, 1978 (“moved us faster”); Los Angeles Times, January 21, 1979 (“give up”).
16. Interview with Philip Sharp.
17. Popular Science, July 1992; Amory Lovins, “Energy Strategy: The Road Not Taken?” Foreign Affairs 55, no. 1 (1976), pp. 65–96.
18. David Halberstam, The Reckoning (New York: Avon Books, 1994), p. 304; Daniel Sperling and Deborah Golden, Two Billion Cars: Driving Toward Sustainability (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 19, Toyota Web site.
19. Interview with Rick Wagoner (“home run”); Fortune, May 1, 1995; Fortune, April 11, 1994 (“Golden Age”); Fortune, January 10, 1994 (“most successful”).
20. Interview with Rick Wagoner (“truck capacity”); New York Times, October 20, 1996; The New York Times, October 27, 1996.
21. IHS CERA, “Gasoline and the American People,” November 2006.
22. David L. Greene, “Policies to Increase Passenger Car and Light Truck Fuel Efficiency,” testimony, U. S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, January 30, 2007.
23. Ibid.
24. Toyota Motor Corporation spells its name differently from the name of the family that founded the company. The motor company was established in 1937 as a spin-off of the family’s weaving concern. Fortune, June 26, 2009; Toyota Motor Corporation, at2005/summer/hybridhistory.html; Fortune, February 24, 2006 (“global twenty first century”); Fortune, February 24, 2006 (“really cars”).
25. Sperling and Golden, Two Billion Cars, p. 170 (missed the point); Fortune, February 24, 2006 (Academy Awards).
26. Congressional Budget Office, Effects of Gasoline Prices on Driving Behavior and Vehicle Markets (Washington, DC: GPO), January 2008, p. 32.
27. Time, October 6, 1961 (“vice versa”); International Herald Tribune, March7, 2007 (“warriors”); National Research Council, Effectiveness and Impact of Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2002), pp. 4–5 (“marked inconsistency”).
28. The New York Times, December 19, 2007.
29. Associated Press, December 20, 2007 (“slap in the face”); Sperling and Golden, p. 65 (“hottest car”); Financial Times, January 11, 2008.
Глава 34.
1. “A. J. Haagen-Smit,” in World of Chemistry (Thomson Gale Publishers, 2005). Arie Haagen-Smit, et al., “A Physiologically Active Principle from Cannabis Sativa (Marihuana),” Science 91, no. 2373 (1940), pp. 602–3.
2. Los Angeles Times, March19, 1977 (“stinking cloud,” “not be difficult”).
3. Los Angeles Times, November 5, 1954.
4. Tiffany Groode and Levi Tillemann-Dick, “The Race to Build the Electric Car,” Wall Street Journal Special Section, March 9, 2011; Agence France-Presse, October 1, 2009 (“battle”); Reuters, July 30, 2008 (“Industrial Revolution”); Barack Obama, speech, February 19, 2010.
5. Los Angeles Times, October 14, 1954; Los Angeles Times, October 21, 1954 (“dangerous intensity,” Housewives); Los Angeles Times, October 26, 1954; Los Angeles Times, October 27, 1954 (“City Revels”); Los Angeles Times, November 7, 1954 (“clear, bright skies”).
6. Kevin Starr, Golden Dreams: California in an Age of Abundance, 1950–1963 (New York: Oxford, 2009), p. 260 (“worst attack ever”); South Coast Air Quality Management District, “Upland, Calif., Had Last Stage III Smog Alert in U. S.,” May 1997, at(“auto travel”); Chip Jacobs and William Kelly, Smogtown: The Lung-Burning History of Pollution in Los Angeles (New York: Overlook Press, 2008), p. 162 (“greatest concentration”).
7. Los Angeles Times, March 22 1977; Los Angeles Times, March 19, 1977.
8. South Coast Air Quality Management District, The Southland’s War on Smog: Fifty Years of Progress Toward Clean Air, May 1997; Mary Nichols, remarks, Wall Street Journal Eco-Nomics Conference, March4, 2011.
9. Daniel Sperling and Deborah Golden, Two Billion Cars: Driving Toward Sustainability (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 24 (“real culprit”); interview with Tom Stricker.
10. Bloomberg, July 18, 2008.
11. Interview with Fred Smith; Fred Smith, testimony, U. S. Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee, June 22, 2010.
12. Seth Fletcher, Bottle Lightning: Superbatteries, Electric Cars, and the New Lithium Economy (New York: Hill and Wang, 2011), pp. 30–35; National Research Council, Transition to Alternative Transportation Technologies: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2010), p. 9.
13. Fortune, July 11, 2008.