118 исторических миниатюр и 108 авторских текстов на 13 иностранных языках. Сборник

(...)

April 24. Today we can congratulate myself that not only safely bypassed the southernmost tip of Africa, but also received the South East trade winds.

Having examined amount of food, I saw that, at the economic use, them would be enough for three months. Believing that during this time we can reach Europe, I decided to abandon my previous intention to go to Saint Helena island, and sent my way straight to England, being sure that such a brave enterprise will give us great honor. Still any the seafarer did not venture such long journey, without rest in port.

To this bold feat I was motivated also by the very desire of my subordinates, who, being in perfect health, only thought about it, to distinguish themselves by something extraordinary.

I regretted only for one that the similar travel has to separate us from the "Hope" ship before our arrival in Russia. But what to do? Having an opportunity to prove to the world that we deserve fully that power of attorney, what was rendered to us by the Fatherland, it was impossible not to sacrifice this pleasure" [8].

Events are described also by I.F. Kruzenshtern:

"April. 15

(...) ... But despite this fresh prosperous wind, we were separated from "Neva".

(...)

I have made many times the signal cannon shots, and in the course of the night we burned flares every two hours, but never received any sort of answer, and we were desperate to connect with Neva until the arrival of our to the Saint Helena island, as the place appointed for the connection.

(...)

April 26 th we saw two ships... First, we have recognized the "Neva", but as "Hope" went worse; the "Neva" soon gone again from sight, and we have not seen prior to our arrival in Kronstadt. (...)

Our four-day stay at Saint Helena ... (...)

When I received reliable news about the war that had begun between Russia and France, I regretted much, that Lisyansky, without having complied my appointment, did not come to Saint Helena's island. Mutual safety demanded to be without fail to us now together. However, the passports given us from the French government, encouraged safety from acts of warships, with us; however we could expect opposite from privateers. These quite often do not respect even commands of the government. Throughout the current war was many examples proving a variety of their thoughts from chiefs of warships. (...)

In those circumstances I did not consider reliable to pass the English Channel, on which mostly French privateers cruise.

And so, bypassing the Azores, we directed the course to the northernmost tip of Scotland in order that, having floated between it and Orkney Islands to enter the North Sea. This way had to be more long, as it was confirmed and in fact; but I recognized it the most reliable on circumstances" [13].

4. "Whether not early to be the Cook, the young man?" "We don't accord with Cook ...". In a rank of Ferdinand Magellan, Juan Sebastian del Cano, Francis Drake and other circumnavigators.

"After discovery of America (Columbus, 1492) and a sea way to India (Vasco da Gama, 1498), the most important geographical event of an era of great opening is the first global cruise made by Ferdinand Magellan. (...) The global cruise, the second after Magellan, has been made by the English privateer Francis Drake (1577-80). (...) During the second half of 18 century there are 8 round-the-world floatings: the English expedition of John Byron (1764-66) - the first global cruise undertaken for the scientific purposes; Wallis and Carteret's English expedition (1766-69); considerable French geographical expedition of Bougainville (1766-69); three round-the-world swimmings of James Cook; tragically terminated Laperouse's swimming; expedition of Vancouver (1790-92). In the first half of the 19th century 6 Russians of round-the-world expeditions are equipped: Kruzenshtern (1803-06) ..." [12].

"We don't accord with Cook ..." [8].

"The round-the-world expedition made a lot of noise at first," - Chichagov wrote to the envoy in London S.R. Vorontsov.
– All the expeditions, ever made in the world till this moment, are presented in this one, without excluding also the Egyptian expedition of Bonaparte, which in comparison with this one is just children's game. Because that had with himself scientists, philosophers, and here one authorized Lisyansky and several pupils of one of our special schools replace with themselves all". S.R. Vorontsov answered in tone to the correspondent that visited him recently Lisyansky - no more as frivolous and excessively self-confident person. His name (certainly, as well as a name of Kruzenshtern) won't be entered in one list with a name of Cook ..." [1].

"Not my fault if to me there are such wonders ... It is because I like to travel and eternally I look for adventures, and you stay at home and you see nothing, except four walls of the room" (Rudolf Erich Raspe. 'The Adventures of Baron Munchausen').

5.Non-stop Seafarer Yu. F. Lisyansky. Between Drake and Blyth

Among the complex ocean voyages are both as circumnavigations (round-the-world voyages), and so sufficiently long-distance non-stop (without visiting ports) voyages.

Non-stop long-distance navigation is an excellent test of marine art.

Of course, the selection of non-stop floats as a separate kind (or class) is relatively arbitrary. Any swimming is in some sense non-stop. The basis for the application of such a term arises when a special goal is set: to pass a maximum, unusually long, distance without visiting the port (without berthing).

To the non-stop navigators, probably, can be attributed and Francis Drake, and Yu. F. Lisyansky, and (no doubt) Chay Blyth.

Chay Blyth in 1970-1971 carried out simultaneously and round-the-world, and non-stop solo voyage on the yacht "British steel".

"The commander of "Neva" spends five days after separation from "Hope" in meditation. He remembers the story of seafaring since the time of Magellan, all round-the-world voyages of Spaniards, British, rather recent float of the Frenchman of Bougainville.

No, any of them hasn't made continuous floating from east part of the Indian Ocean to coast of Europe. James Cook glorified Britain with two round-the-world voyages, Vancouver - a voyage across the Great Ocean, the French have made one voyage around the world. And in general, he does not remember that any of the sailors decided to float from Canton to England without stopping.

'Than worse we, Russians?' - the Captain-Lieutenant Lisyansky is set a question to himself.
– "Really we will miss the chance? And when it will falls out?" Besides, how many times did Lisyansky face court nobles and naval officers, who are treated with disdain and skepticism towards the skill and training of Russian sailors. Such as the brothers Counts Vorontsov, their friend Admiral Pavel Chichagov, which is obliged to care for the fleet. It is necessary to prove by an example to them, what Russian sailors are capable of. The main thing is that Lisyansky considers it his first duty "to deliver honor and glory to the Russian flag" [2].