На исходе дня. История ночи
Шрифт:
25. Jon Cowans, ed., Early Modem Spain: A Documentary History (Philadelphia, 2003), 121; Alan Macfarlane, The Justice and the Mare's Ale: Law and Disorder in Seventeenth-Century England (Oxford, 1981), 56; John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington… (Washington, D. C, 1931), 1, 17. Сведения о спальной одежде встречаются редко, однако см.: С. Willett and Phillis Cunnington, The History of Underclothes (London, 1951), 41–43, 52, 61; Almut Junker, Zur Geschichte der Unterw"asche 1700–1960: eine Ausstellung des Historischen Museums Frankfurt, 28 April bis 28 August 1988 (Frankfurt, 1988), 10–78; Norbert Elias, The Civilizing Process: The Development of Manners…, trans. Edmund Jephcott (New York, 1978), I, 164–165.
26. Randle Cotgrave, A Dictionaire of the French and English Tongues (London, 1611); Laurence Sterne, The Life & Opinions ofTristam Shandy, Gentleman (New York, 1950), 568; Sept. 22, 1660, Pepys, Diary, I, 251; Alison Weir, Henry VIII: The King and His Court (New York, 2001), 84.
27. The Queens Closet Opened… (London, 1661), 60–61,101–102; Aug. 11,1678, Michael Hunter and Annabel Gregory, eds., An Astrological Diary of the Seventeenth Century: Samuel JeakeofRye, 1652–1699 (Oxford, 1988), 140; Christof Wirsung, Praxis Medicinae Universalis; or a Generali Practise of Phisicke… (London, 1598), 618.
28. Moryson, Itinerary, IV, 44; "T.C.," PL, Dec. 5, 1765. В книге «Celestina: A Novel in Dialogue», написанной Фернандо де Рохасом и опубликованной на английском языке в переводе Лесли Бёрд Симпсон (Berkeley, Calif., 1971), главный герой говорит о вине: «В зимнюю ночь нет лучше грелки. Если, перед тем как лечь спать, я выпиваю три небольших кувшина вина наподобие этих, я не чувствую холода в течение всей ночи» (104).
29. Bradwell, Watch-man, 38; "W," LC, Oct. 9, 1763; Henry G. Bohn, A Hand-book of Proverbs… (London, 1855), 28; May 25,1767, Cozens-Hardy, ed., Neville Diary, 8; Feb. 29,1756, Turner, Diary, 32.
30. Thomas Elyot, The Castel ofHelthe (London, 1539), fo. 46; Governai, In this Tretyse that Is Cleped Govemayle ofHelthe (New York, 1969); Bullein, Goveriment of Health, 90.
31. Sept. 29, 1661, Pepys, Diary, II, 186; East Anglian Diaries, 51; Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, 113–128; Francois Lebrun, "The Two Reformations: Communal Devotion and Personal Piety," in HPL III, 96–97. Упоминания о ночном «затворе» можно найти в кн.: Owen Feltham, Resolves (London, 1628), 406; Oct. 2, 1704, Cowper, Diary; Andrew Henderson, ed., Scottish Proverbs (Edinburgh, 1832), 48.
32. John Bartlett, Familiar Quotations…, ed. Emily Morison Beck et al. (Boston, 1980), 320; Whole Duty of Man, 388; Thomas Becon, The Early Works…, ed. John Ayre (Cambridge, 1843), 403.
33. Thankfull Remembrances of Gods Wonderful Deliverances… (n. p., 1628). См. также: July 18,1709, Cowper, Diary. Хорошо известна древняя корнуоллская молитва: «От вампиров, и призраков, и ползучих тварей, и от вещей, о которые можно удариться ночью, избавь нас, Милосердный Боже!» (Bartlett, Familiar Quotations, ed. Beck et al., 921).
34. Martine Segalen, Love and Power in the Peasant Family: Rural France in the Nineteenth Century, trans. Sarah Matthews (Chicago, 1983,124–125; Phillipe Martin, "Corps en Repos ou Corps en Danger? Le Sommeil dans les Livres de Pi'et'e (Second Moiti'e du XVIIIe Si`ecle)," Revue d'Histoire et de Philosophie Religieuses 80 (2000), 253.
35. Gwyn Jones, comp., The Oxford Book of Welsh Verse in English (Oxford, 1977), 78; July 15,1705, Cowper, Diary; Gervase Markham, Countrey Contentments… (London, 1615), 31; William Lilly, A Groatsworth of Wit for a Penny; or, the Interpretation of Dreams (London, [1750?]), 18.
36. Cogan, Haven of Health, 235.
37. Harrison, Description, 200–201; Raffaella Sard, Europe at Home: Family and Material Culture, 1500–1800, trans. Allan Cameron (New Haven, 2002), 120; John E. Crowley, The Invention of Comfort: Sensibilities & Design in Early Modern Britain & Early America (Baltimore, 2001), 73–76; Anne Fillon, "Comme on Fait son Lit, on se Couche 300 Ans d'Histoire du Lit Villageois," in Populatiens et Cultures… Etudes R'eunies en l'Honneur de Francois Lebrun (Rennes, 1989), 153–161.
38. Stephanie Grauman Wolf, As Various as Their Land: The Everyday Lives of Eighteenth-Century Americans (New York, 1993), 66; Carole Shammas, "The Domestic Environment in Early Modem England and America," JSH14 (1990), 169,158; Dannenfeldt, "Renaissance Sleep," 426 n. 31; Crowley, Comfort, passim; F. G. Emmison, Elizabethan Life: Home, Work & Land (Chelmsford, Eng., 1976), 12–15; Roche, Consumption, 182–185.
39. Bartlett, Familiar Quotations, ed. Beck et al., 290; Lemnius, Touchstone of Complexions, trans. Newton, 73; Cogan, Haven of Health, 235; Brad well, Watch-man, 39.
40. Alan Everitt, "Farm Labourers," in Joan Thirsk, ed., The Agrarian History of England and Wales, IV, 1500–1640 (London, 1967), 449; Horn, Adapting to a New World,
ЗЮЗИ, 324–325.41. A Browning, ed., English Historical Documents, 1660–1714 (New York, 1953), 729; [Ward], A Trip to Ireland… (n. p., 1699), 5.
42. Harrison, Description, 201; OBP, Sept. 9—16,1767,259; Feb. 19,1665, Pepys, Diary, VI, 39; Cissie Fairchilds, Domestic Enemies: Servants & Their Masters in Old Regime France (Baltimore, 1984), 39; Steven L. Kaplan, The Bakers of Paris and the Bread Question, 1700–1775 (Durham, N. C, 1996), 259. Слуга в колониальном Мэриленде жаловался: «Завернуться в одеяло и лечь на землю — вот и весь отдых, который мы можем себе позволить» (Elizabeth Sprigs to John Sprigs, Sept. 22, 1756, in Merrill Jensen, ed., English Historical Documents: American Colonial Documents to 1776 [New York, 1955], 489). Такая судьба ожидала большинство американских рабов в раннее Новое время. Несмотря на то что в некоторых жилищах имелись «кровати из досок», чаще рабы спали на земле среди соломы, тряпья или, если повезет, нескольких грубых одеял (Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, 114).
43. OED, s. V. "bulkers"; John Heron Lepper, The Testaments of Francois Villon (New York, 1926), 12; Order of Nov. 28, 1732, London Court of Common Council, BL; Menna Prestwich, Cranfield: Politics and Profits Under the Early Stuarts (Oxford, 1966), 529;
Paroimiographia (French), 18; H. S. Bennett, Life on the English Manor: A Study of Peasant Conditions, 1150–1400 (Cambridge, 1967), 233; Richard Parkinson, ed., The Private Journal and Literary Remains off John Byrom (Manchester, 1854), I, Part 2,407.