Один год из жизни Уильяма Шекспира. 1599

О комедии «Как вам это понравится» см. прежде всего статью М. Гарбер: Marjorie Garber, The Education of Orlando in Comedy from Shakespeare to Sheridan: Change and Continuity in the English and European Dramatic Tradition, ed. A. R. Braunmuller and J. C. Bulman (Newark, 1986), 102–112; M. C. Bradbrook, Shakespeare the Craftsman (London, 1969); Valerie Traub, Desire and Anxiety: Circulations of Sexuality in Shakespearean Drama (New York, 1992); Penny Gay, William Shakespeare: As You Like It (Plymouth, 1999); Louis A. Montrose, «The Place of a Brother»: As You Like It and Social Change, Shakespeare Quarterly 32 (1981), 28–54; Of Gentlemen and Shepherds: The Politics of Elizabethan Pastoral Form, English Literary History 10 (1983), 415–59. О характере Розалинды см. в кн. X. Блума: Harold Bloom: The Invention of the Human (New York, 1998). О сцене шутливого обручения см.: Ann Jennalie Cook, Making a Match: Courtship in Shakespeare and His Society (Princeton, 1991). О символике Глобуса: Richard Dutton, Hamlet, An Apology for Actors, and the Sign of the Globe, Shakespeare Survey 41 (1988), 35–37.

Глава 12. Арденский лес

О семье Шекспира, помимо кн. Чемберса (Chambers, Facts and Problems and the standard biographies) см. также: Charles Isaac Elton, William Shakespeare: His Family and Friends, ed. A. Hamilton Thomson (New York, 1904); Joseph William Gray, Shakespeare’s Marriage (London, 1905); Ivor Brown, The Women in Shakespeare’s Life (New York, 1969); Joseph William Gray, Shakespeare’s Marriage (London, 1905). О военных учениях шурина Шекспира, Джона Хэтеуэя в 1599-м, см.: Warwickshire Country Record Office, CR1886/2657.

О деятельности Ричарда Гринуэя я многое узнал от Стенли Уэллса. См. также: Fripp’s Quyny, Stratford Record Office BRU 15/1 (129); S. Schoenbaum, Shakespeare’s Lives (Oxford, 1970). О поездках Шекспира по Англии и пути из Лондона в Стратфорд см.: Charles Hughes, Land Travel, in Shakespeare’s England: An Account of the Life and Manners of His Age, ed. Sidney Lee and С. T. Onions, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1916); Joan Parkes, Travel in England in the Seventeenth Century (London, 1925); John W. Hales, From Stratford to London, in Notes and Essays on Shakespeare (London, 1884), впервые опубл. в: Cornhill Magazine (June 1877); см. также: Russell Fraser, Young Shakespeare (New York, 1988).

О Стратфорде того времени, помимо Э. И. Фриппа, см.: J. М. Martin, A Warwickshire Market Town in Adversity: Stratford-upon-Avon in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Midland History 7 (1982), 26–41; S. Porter, Fires in Stratford-upon-Avon in the Sixteenth and Seventeeth Centuries, Warwickshire History 3 (1276), 97–103; Robert Bearman, Stratford’s Fires of 1594 and 1595 Revisited, Midland History 25 (2000), 180–90; Anne Hughes, Building a Godly Town: Religious and Cultural Division in Stratford-upon-Avon, 1560–1640; Alan Dyer, Crisis and Resolution: Government and Society in Stratford, 1540–1640, both of which appear in Bearman, ed., The History of an English Borough. Об экономической ситуации в Англии конца 1590-х гг. см.: R. В. Outhwaite, Dearth, the English Crown and the Crisis of the 1590s, in The European Crisis of the 1590s: Essays in Comparative History, ed. Peter Clark (London, 1985), 23–43, R. B. Outhwaite, The Price of Crown Land at the Turn of the Sixteenth Century, Economic History Review, 2nd series, 20 (1967), 229–40.

Об Арденском лесе в Средние века и Раннее Новое время см.: Andrew Watkins, The Woodland Economy of the Forest of Arden in the Later Middle Ages, Midland History 18 (1993), 19–36; Victor H. T. Skipp, Crisis and Development: An Ecological Case of the Forest of Arden (Cambridge, 1978); Forest of Arden, 1530–1649, Agricultural History Review 18 (1970), 84–111; Economic and Social Change in the Forest of Arden, 1530–1649, in Land, Church and People: Essays Presented to Professor H. P. R. Finberg, ed. Joan Thirsk (Reading, 1970); Brian Short, Forests and Wood-Pasture in Lowland England, in The English Rural Landscape, ed. Joan Thirsk (Oxford, 2000), 122–49; Andrew McRae, God Speed the Plough: The Representation of Agrarian England, 1500–1660 (Cambridge, 1996); Edward Berry, Shakespeare and the Hunt: A Cultural and Social Study (Cambridge, 2001); W. Salt Brassington, Shakespeare’s Homeland: Sketches of Stratford-upon-Avon, the Forest of Arden and the Avon Valley (London, 1903). См. также: William Harrison, Description of England (London, 1577).

О политических и социальных аспектах комедии Шекспира «Как вам это понравится» см. ряд статей Э. Стюарта Дэли: A. Stuart Daley, Where are the Woods in As You Like It? Shakespeare Quarterly 34 (1983), 172–80; The Dispraise of the Country in As You Like It, Shakespeare Quarterly 36 (1985), 300–14; The Idea of Hunting in As You Like It, Shakespeare Studies 21 (1993), 72–95; Calling and Commonwealth in As You Like It: A Late Elizabethan Political Play, The Upstart Crow 14 (1994), 28–46; Observations on the Natural Settings and Flora of the Ardens of Lodge and Shakespeare, English Language Notes 22 (1985), 20–29; Shakespeare’s Corin, Almsgiver and Faithful Feeder, English Language Notes 27 (1990), 4–21; The Tyrant Duke of As You Like It: Envious Malice Confronts Honor, Pity, Friendship, Cahiers Elisabethains 34 (1988), 39–51. См. также: Richard Wilson, Will Power; Meredith Skura, Anthony Munday’s Gentrification of Robin Hood, English Literary Renaissance 33 (2003), 155–80; Madeleine Doran, Yet I am inland bred in James G. McManaway, ed., Shakespeare 400 (New York, 1964), 99–114; Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, in Works, ed. J. William Hebei, vol. 4 (Oxford, 1933).

Об отношениях Шекспира с Геральдической палатой в 1599 году см.: С. W. Scott-Giles, Shakespeare’s Heraldry; Chambers, Facts and Problems; a Duncan-Jones, Ungentle Shakespeare. Об арденском наследстве семьи Шекспира см.: Eric Poole, John and Mary Shakespeare and the Astow Cantlow Mortgage, Cahiers Elisabethains 17 (1980), 21–42.

Осень. Глава 13. Времена меняются

Историю военного похода Эссекса я реконструировал по изд.: State Papers, English and Irish; Cyril Falls, Elizabeth’s Irish Wars; C. G. Cruickshank, Elizabeth’s Army; L. W. Henry, Contemporary Sources for Essex’s Lieutenancy in Ireland, 1599; Hiram Morgan, Tyrone’s Rebellion; G. A. Hayes-McCoy, The Army of Ulster, 1593–1601, in The Irish Sword; E. M. Tenison, Elizabethan England; Harington’s Nugae Antiquae; Paul E. J. Hammer, Elizabeth’s Wars, and his The Use of Scholarship: The Secretariat of Robert Devereux, Second Earl of Essex, c. 1585–1601, The English Historical Review 109 (1994), 26–51. Подробнее о речи Эссекса см.: William Huse Dunham Jr., William Camden’s Common-place Book, Yale University Library Gazette 43 (1969), 139–56; о балладе, прославляющей День св. Георгия в Ирландии, см.: Andrew Clark, ed., The Shirburn Ballads; о письме Эссекса Ноллису см.: Sir William Sanderson, Aulicus Coquinariae (London, 1650).

О Джоне Харигтоне, помимо его сочинения Nugae Antiquae, см.: R. Н. Miller, Sir John Harington’s Irish Journals, Studies in Bibliography 32 (1979), 179–86; David M. Gardiner, «These are Not the Thinges Men Live by Now a Days»: Sir John Harington’s Visit to the O’Neill, 1599, Cahiers Elisabethains 55 (April 1999), 1–16. Подробное описание кровати королевы Елизаветы см.: Roy Strong and Julia Trevelyan Oman, Elizabeth R (London, 1971).

Об истории создания Ост-Индской компании и ее значимости см.: К. N. Chaudhuri, The English East India Company (London, 1965); Henry Stevens, The Dawn of British Trade to the East Indies (London, 1886); Sir William Foster, England’s Quest of Eastern Trade (London, 1933); John Bruce, Annals of the Honourable East India Company, vol. 1 (London, 1810); and Beckles Willson, Ledger and Sword: Or, The Honourable Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies (1599–1874), 2 vols. (London, 1903). См. также: M. Epstein, The Early History of the Levant Company (London, 1908); Nicholas Canny and Alaine Low, eds., The Oxford History of the British Empire: 1. The Origins of Empire: British Overseas Enterprise to the Close of the Seventeenth Century (Oxford, 1998); Kenneth R. Andrews, Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630 (Cambridge, 1984); G. L. Beer, The Origins of the British Colonial System, 1578–1660 (New York, 1922); Anthony Farrington, Trading Places: The East India Company and Asia, 1600–1834 (London, 2002).

О заслугах P. Хаклута см.: George Bruner Parks, Richard Hakluyt and the English Voyages (New York, 1928). См. также соч. самого Хаклута: Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffics, and Discoveries of the English Nation, 3 vols. (London, 1598–1600). О роли аристократии в деятельности торговых компаний см.: Lawrence Stone, The Nobility in Business, in The Entrepreneur: Papers Presented at the Annual Conference of the Economic History Society (Cambridge, Mass., 1957), 14–21; Theodore K. Rabb, Enterprise and Empire: Merchant and Gentry Investment in the Expansion of England, 1575–1630 (Cambridge, Mass., 1967). См. также: Michael G. Brennan, The Literature of Travel, in The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain, vol. 4: 1557–1695, ed. John Barnard and D. F. McKenzie (Cambridge, 2002), 246–73; William Foster, ed., The Travels of John Sanderson in the Levant, 1584–1602 (London, 1931); Sir William Foster, ed., The Voyages of Sir James Lancaster to Brazil and the East Indies, 1591–1603 (London, 1940). Рассказ Килинга о представлении «Гамлета» на корабле см.: Thomas Rundall, ed., Narratives of Voyages Towards the North-West… With Selections from the Early Records of the Honourable The East India Company (London, 1849). Об упадке рыцарской культуры см.: George Silver, Paradoxes of Defence (London, 1599); William Segar, Honor, Military and Civill (London, 1602). Среди последних работ см.: Mervyn James, English Politics and the Concept of Honour, 1485–1642, Mervyn James, At the Crossroads of the Political Culture: The Essex Revolt, 1601, in his Society, Politics and Culture: Studies in Early Modern England (Cambridge, 1986), 270–415 and 416–66. Я также многое почерпнул из кн. Ричарда Маккоя: Richard С. McCoy, The Rites of Knighthood: The Literature and Politics of Elizabethan Chivalry (Berkeley, 1989), см. также его более раннюю работу: Richard С. McCoy, A Dangerous Image: the Earl of Essex and Elizabethan Chivalry, Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 13 (1983), 313–29. См. также статью Р. Э. Фоукса (R. A. Foakes) об одеянии призрака в «Гамлете».

Более подробно о планах Эссекса объединиться с королем Яковом и Маунтджоем см.: J. Bruce, ed., Correspondence of King James VI of Scotland with Sir Robert Cecil and Others in England During the Reign of Elizabeth, Camden Society 78 (London, 1861). См. также: James Spedding, The Letters and the Life of Francis Bacon. Сочинения Ф. Гревилла см.: Fulke Greville, Poems and Dramas, ed. Geoffrey Bullough, 2 vols. vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1939).

Глава 14. Эссе и монологи

О саге Саксона Грамматика, переводе Бельфоре и других источниках «Гамлета» см.: Bullough J., Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare. О характерных особенностях лексического состава шекспировских пьес см.: Alfred Hart, Vocabularies of Shakespeare’s Plays, Review of English Studies 19 (1943), 128–40, Alfred Hart, The Growth of Shakespeare’s Vocabulary, Review of English Studies 19 (1943), 242–54; Frank Kermode, Shakespeare’s Language. О приеме гендиадиса см.: George T. Wright, Hendiadys and Hamlet, Publications of the Modern Language Association 96 (1981), 168–93, Frank Kermode, Shakespeare’s Language and Pieces of My Mind (New York, 2003). О разговоре Гамлета с актером см. также вариорум Фернеса (Furness’s Variorum). Об элегии, посвященной Бербеджу и деятельности Бербеджа в целом см.: Nungezer, Dictionary of Actors. Письмо Уоттона Донну см.: Logan Pearsall Smith, The Life and Letters of Sir Henry Wotton, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1907).