Секреты лаборатории питания. Наука похудения, мифы о силе воли и пользе диет

2. Эксперимент воспроизводился более 100 раз в 17 разных странах. Подробнее см.: Rod Bond and Peter В. Smith, “Culture and Conformity: A Meta-Analysis of Studies Using Asch’s (1952b, 1956) Line Judgment Task”, Psychological Bulletin 119, no. 1 (1996): 111-37.

3. M. Sherif, “The Psychology of Social Norms” (Oxford, England: Harper, 1936).

4. Paul Rozin, “The Integration of Biological, Social, Cultural and Psychological Influences on Food Choice”, in “The Psychology of Food

Choice”, ed. Richard Shepherd and Monique Raats (Oxfordshire, England: CABI, 2006), 19^10.

5. John M. de Castro and E. Marie Brewer, “The Amount Eaten in Meals by Humans Is a Power Function of the Number of People Present”, Physiology & Behavior 51, no. 1 (1992): 121-25.

6. Там же; A. Ward and T. Mann, “Don’t Mind If I Do: Disinhibited Eating Under Cognitive Load”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78, no. 4 (April 2000): 753-63.

7. Vanessa I. Clendenen, C. Peter Herman, and Janet Polivy, “Social Facilitation of Eating among Friends and Strangers”, Appetite 23, no. 1 (1994): 1-13; Sarah-Jeanne Salvy et al., “Effects of Social Influence on Eating in Couples, Friends and Strangers”, Appetite 49, no. 1 (July 2007): 92-99, doi:10.1016/j.appet.2006.12.004.

8. De Castro and Brewer, “The Amount Eaten in Meals by Humans Is a Power Function of the Number of People Present”.

9. Maryhope Howland, Jeffrey M. Hunger, and Traci Mann, “Friends Don’t Let Friends Eat Cookies: Effects of Restrictive Eating Norms on Consumption among Friends”, Appetite 59, no. 2 (October 2012): 505-9, doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.06.020.

10. Leon Festinger, “A Theory of Social Comparison Processes”, Human Relations 7, no. 2 (1954): 117-40.

11. Noah J. Goldstein, Robert B. Cialdini, and Vladas Griskevicius, “A Room with a Viewpoint: Using Social Norms to Motivate Environmental Conservation in Hotels”, Journal of Consumer Research 35, no. 3 (October 3, 2008): 472-82, doi: 10.1086/586910.

12. Значимы и другие факторы, например выгодность или необходимость прикладывать усилия, но даже с их учетом можно выявить очевидные различия между странами. Eric J. Johnson and Daniel Goldstein, “Do Defaults Save Lives?”, Science 302, no. 5649 (November 21, 2003): 1338-39, doi:10.1126/science.l091721.

13. Ervin Staub, “Instigation to Goodness: The Role of Social Norms and Interpersonal Influence”, Journal of Social Issues 28, no. 3 (July 1972): 131-50, doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1972.tb00036.x.

14. Howland, Hunger, and Mann, “Friends Don’t Let Friends Eat Cookies”. Другие исследования также демонстрируют воздействие подразумеваемых норм на питание. См., например: Eric Robinson, Helen Benwell, and Suzanne Higgs, “Food Intake Norms Increase and Decrease Snack Food Intake in a Remote Confederate Study”, Appetite 65 (2013): 20-24. Обзор можно найти в работе: Eric Robinson et al., “What

Everyone Else Is Eating: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Informational Eating Norms on Eating Behavior”, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 114, no. 3 (2013): 414-29.

15. F. Marijn Stok et al., “Minority Talks: The Influence of Descriptive Social Norms on Fruit Intake”, Psychology & Health 27, no. 8 (January 2012): 956-70, doi: 10.1080/08870446.2011.635303.

16. Clayton Neighbors, Mary E. Larimer, and Melissa A. Lewis, “Targeting Misperceptions of Descriptive Drinking Norms: Efficacy of a Computer-Delivered Personalized Normative Feedback Intervention”, Jour nal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 72, no. 3 (June 2004): 434-47, doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.72.3.434.

17. Elizabeth M. Condon, Mary Kay Crepinsek, and Mary Kay Fox, “School Meals: Types of Foods Offered to and Consumed by Children at Lunch and Breakfast”, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 109, no. 2 (2009): S67-S78.

18. Я работала над этим проектом вместе с моими коллегами из Миннесотского университета, в число которых входили Марла Рейке, Зата Викерс, Джо Редден и Элтон Майкерези. Marla Reicks et al., “Photographs in Lunch Tray Compartments and Vegetable Consumption among Children in Elementary School Cafeterias”, JAMA 307, no. 8 (February 22, 2012): 784-85, doi:10.1001/jama.2012.170.

19. Там же.

20. Классическим открытием когнитивной психологии является то, что испытуемые не могут запомнить расположение элементов на монетке. Raymond S. Nickerson and Marilyn Jager Adams, “Long-Term Memory for a Common Object”, Cognitive Psychology 11, no. 3 (1979): 287-307.

21. Heather Barry Kappes and Patrick E. Shrout, “When Goal Sharing Produces Support That Is Not Caring”, Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 37, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 662-73, doi:10.1177/0146167211399926.

22. Mary Ann Parris Stephens et al., “Spouses’ Attempts to Regulate Day-to-Day Dietary Adherence among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes”, Health Psychology 32, no. 10 (October 2013): 1029-37, doi:10.1037/a0030018; J. S. Tucker and J. S. Mueller, “Spouses’ Social Control of Health Behaviors: Use and Effectiveness of Specific Strategies”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26, no. 9 (November 1, 2000): 1120-30, doi: 10.1177/01461672002611008.

23. Там же.

24. Maryhope Howland and Jeffry A. Simpson, “Getting in Under the Radar. A Dyadic View of Invisible Support”, Psychological Science 21, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 1878-85, doi: 10.1177/0956797610388817.

25. Marci E. J. Gleason et al., “Daily Supportive Equity in Close Relationships”, Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 29, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 1036-45, doi: 10.1177/0146167203253473.

ГЛАВА 8. HE НАЗЫВАЙТЕ ЯБЛОКО ПОЛЕЗНЫМ