54 исторические миниатюры и 29 переводов. Сборник

(...)

Juan Sebastian del Cano and Gonzalo G'omez de Espinosa became co-chiefs of an expedition.

The quite good basis for an emotional drama any of the great playwright. It is possible to expect to see spunky opposition of the spunky men. But not drama performance is watched, but persevering tendency successfully to complete expedition.

The ship "Victoria" under a command del Cano departs through Indian and Atlantic oceans to Spain.

"This was a pathetic scene on the other side of the world, when forty-seven officers and men who were going home in the "Victoria," bade farewell to the fifty-one selected to await on Tidore the repair of the "Trinidad." Down to the last hour, the latter group stayed on board the "Victoria" with their comrades, to embrace them once again, and to send home letters and greetings. Two and a half years of hardships shared had cemented unity among those who spoke different tongues and belonged to so many different races. No dissension could now disturb their harmony. When the "Victoria" heaved anchor, the crew of the "Trinidad" were still unwilling to depart. On rowboats, or paddling in Malay prahus, they kept alongside the "Victoria" as she gathered way, to see a little longer the faces of those who were homeward bound, and to shout a last message. Not until night fell and their arms were weary, did they put about and make for the shore, while a broadside was fired in last good-bye. Then the "Victoria" continued her ever-memorable voyage of circumnavigation alone" [5A].

"It was unanimously agreed that the "Trinidad," when she had been made seaworthy, should recross the Pacific in order to reach overseas Spain at Panama..." [5A].

On all visibility, after losses, suffered by expedition, in crew "Trinidad" there were no enough skilful, aware navigators, mariners. The ship a long time the ship wanders in the ocean, decays, loses capacity to sail on ocean.

Were saved both discipline, and perseverance in achievement of the purpose, tendency to return in Spain.

But, as it is possible to draw a conclusion, there was no qualified a navigator, navigation officer, captain, were hindered an exact determination of the ship position, maintenance of an exact course. The ship doomed on wanderings, wandering.

The hypothetical pathway of wanderings from illustrative maps, allows to suspect, that those wanderings in any measure is comparable to an hypothetical route (not becoming a reality) "Trinidad" through Pacific ocean for achieving spanish possessions in Panama.

For that time, when "Trinidad" wanderings in the ocean spaciousnesses, "Victoria" has reached Spain.

Let's mark as well that, despite of gradual loss of capacity to commit marine sailings and absence on its side of the specialists of a seamanship of a sufficient skill level, "Trinidad" do not sunked, did not become a place of the internal conflictings or mutiny.

How there was a sailing of "Trinidad"? The documents which were by the ship have passed into the arms of Portuguese. Some of these documents (for example, document written by an hand of Magallanes) become property of the historians.

But generally sea voyage of "Trinidad" accepted as unsuccessful, does not invoke(produce) the special attention. For example, Stefan Zweig, mentioning about voyage of "Trinidad", is extreme laconic.

But nevertheless this floating deserves a certain interest. On ocean through strong storms moves the ship controlled by "terrestrial" person. On the ship there no experimental mariners ...

(...)

When spanish "Trinidad" almost has lost seagoing capacities, and the hopelessness of a situation became clear, the captain Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa has addressed for the help to Portuguese. During this period between Spain and Portugal there was an official situation of peace.

De Espinosa fasts, lives in misery, probably, asks an alms, is attracted in forced hard labour, conducts enough time under arrest, in the concluding. From more than fifty the person who has stayed under a command de Espinosa on the ship "Trinidad", almost everyone die.

"Unfortunates have cast into prison of Lisbon, and they have stayed there seven months. For this time one more seaman - german Master Hans, a bombardier, has died. Only three seamen of the unlucky ship " Trinidad " have reached home in the beginning of 1527.

(...)...Only after long efforts and requests the seamen from "Trinidad" have received everything, that to them was due. De Espinosa has received then honorary and accountable position of the royal supervisor of the ships left in India. In 1550, at the age of sixty years, de Espinosa worked in the Seville port and checked up readiness for sailing each ship sailing for the sea" [3].

The example of "Trinidad" confirms relevance of all those elements of culture of distant ocean sailings, which one become generally accepted after civilization efforts Henry the Navigator: planned uses, rationality, discipline, intellectual (fissile usage of knowledge and skills) and other.

Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa, participant and (some time) one of two chiefs of expedition of Magallanes - one of those who also has bypassed around of the world. The truth, the definite part of his travel has appeared rather tragic. This phase of travel he fulfilled on a position of the captive, on Portuguese ships.

But, maybe, it has demanded bravery and firmness of the special type.

About life de Espinosa outside the season 1519-1527 years are known not so much.

There are basis to suppose, that are not known neither firm date of birth, nor firm date of death of Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa. (At all events, writer of this essay not met in information sources with the indicating on the concrete archive documents). According to the version Kunin K.I. de Espinosa in 1550 - sixty years old [3]. This implies one of presumable versions of dating of birth and death of Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa: apprx. 1490 - after 1550. One of Wikisources contains Spain - language article "Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa". In the article there is an indicating on resource: Wikidata, and the link to a source, whence is obtained the information for the article: a site mcnbiografias. And article on Wikisource, and original article on a biographic site mcnbiografias have no the indicatings of authorship. In the article "Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa" are presumptively indicated him (de Espinosa) years of life: 1479-1530 [7]. Indisputable data, with the link to the archive documents, about year of death of de Espinosa while, like, are not published.

The level of tragedy of a personal history of de Espinosa is obscured by a historical distance, but the glory has remained! And the award has appeared not so small. At first, if to be grounded on the version Kunin K.I., and to take into account, that Magallanes has perished in 1521, and del Cano - in 1526, - at all failures and disasters - de Espinosa has endured (outlived, relived) and Magallanes, and del Cano more than for 20 years! Secondly, is stated, that in 1528 Spanish Monarches has given Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa the arms and pension in 300 ducats [7]. In third, on the version Kunin K.I., de Espinosa has received the honorary and accountable position of the royal supervisor of the ships left in India [3].