54 исторические миниатюры и 29 переводов. Сборник
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We will state several additional reasons about Gonzalo G'omez de Espinosa's motivation, who was one of two chiefs of expedition (after destruction Magallanes), becoming the captain "Trinidad".
We can meet in the book of Malakhovsky K. V. the note about formation of the professional captain and commander.
About English pirate, captain, mariner, explorer and known writer William Dampier, triply making round-the-world travel: "Probably, this experimental navigator, thoughtful spectator, the interesting explorer has no commander's data, and has no personal bravery" [6].
Even for the person of enormous experience, the miscellaneous qualities can be advanced in a different degree.
De Espinosa on "the "main" ("basic") speciality was not mariner, captain, his speciality was administrative.
(Desperate) circumstances have caused to become him in the chapter of the ship. If de Espinosa was - according modern concepts - the worker of an management sphere, del Cano was professional and experimental mariner.
Kunin K.I. named del Cano as "navigation officer" [3]. "It there was still young man - in 1519 to him there were thirty two years, but he was already distinguished in battles in Africa and in italian campaigns" [3]. Once again we shall point out, that del Cano was professional mariner.
The submission would be quite logical for any participant of expedition, that del Cano, "Victoria" are have actual chances to reach Spain.
" ... Has selected to sail on the seas Portuguese, to west, bending Africa, on a path Known ... " [8]. Logical the assumption is also, that "Victoria" could not contain (for long-lived sea voyage) all members of expedition. Expedition was sectioned into those who further moved on "Victoria" (more than 40 persons), and those who attempted to reach Spain on "Trinidad" (more than 50 participants of expedition).
Quite reasonable would be tendency de Espinosa to prolong sailing on "Victoria". Certainly, such tendency was handicapped psychologic by the fact of conviction Juan Sebastian del Cano by de Espinosa in April, 1520. But nobilary the person, person of "terrestrial" profession, the quoter (representative) of the Crown de Espinosa could enough reasons to claim on - let and psychologic not comfortable - sailing on "Victoria" in Spain.
It is possible to suspect and other (except for suit del Cano in April, 1520) motive of nonparticipation de Espinosa in sailing on "Victoria". The members of expeditions left without the authoritative chief, would become the disorganized collective, it is simple - crowd tending to turn into the inshore wanderers, into the enforced (involuntary) deserters. Such development of events would not be stacked in concepts of european mentality, would mean discrediting expedition, discrediting of commanders. Would throw a shade and on expedition as a whole, both on commanders, and on the all the participants. So that presumptively we can find out in an act de Espinosa, stayed with "Trinidad", raised motives.
For comparison to De Espinosa's act we will give the fact from Magellan's biography taking place approximately in nine years prior to the first round-the-world expedition. "At the moonless night the squadron went by reefs Padua [the Paduan shoal (shallow) near the Laccadive Islands], located near Indian beaches...
The forward ship safely passed a dangerous place, but other two jumped on rocks. On one of these ships was Magallanes. (...) The commanders fast have found an output: all nobiliary Portuguese, all commanders, having taken with themselves the most valuable property, will depart on boats to a coast, and the sailors and soldiers will stay on a beach and will wait, while behind them will send a vessel. (...) The commanders have pronounced about the solutions. There has set in silence. Then Magallanes has stepped forward and has declared, that remains with the sailors. He has taken with leaving commanders an oath, that they as soon as possible will send the help. (...) Magallanes did not sleep: the second day. The sun raised. The seamen already thought about construction of plot (temporary sailing device), when Magallanes, facing on boxes, pacificly has said: "sail". It was caravel... The noble act of Magallanes has made a large impression. In those times it seemed unusual, that the Portuguese commander risked the life for saving the ordinaries military men - sailors and soldiers. Even Portuguese manuscriptors, which one in general fall into Magallanes in a hostile way, have found necessary to mention heroic behavior him during wreck for reefs Padua" [3]. (Presumptively this case can be dated 1510).
That in a structure of a part of the expedition (which has stayed on "Trinidad"), was not enough aware mariners - is a circumstance it is impossible to put in fault personally to de Espinosa.
The reference de Espinosa to Portuguese authorities for the help in a remediless situation (Portugal and Spain were not in a state of war) as can not be put in fault de Espinosa.
That line of behavior, which one was selected the Portuguese authorities in relation to the participants of expedition, can not be put in fault de Espinosa.
The circumstances were added up - how they were added up.
And not on fault Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa. If to look at a situation from today's standards, the fact of transit of a part of route up to Spain of de Espinosa and his satellites on the Portuguese ships discredits nobody and does not degrade; can be, adds internationality to so initially international expedition.
As to personally de Espinosa, there are basis to consider him, co-chief of expedition (after death of Magallanes), a man of duty, person who has adequately fulfilled his duty. Duty to all: before Magellan, before members of an expedition, before of Spain.
For some reason there is a sensation, that sailing "Victoria" and route to Spain those who sailed on "Trinidad", internally are interdependent. It would be desirable to exclaim: if the person of a "terrestial" profession - Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa - has managed to supervise over the ship, long time ploughing Pacific ocean and not drowned, has managed after all tests to return in Spain, - so especially had chances successfully to bend a terrestrial globe mariner del Cano and members, accompanying him!
What reacting can produce the route Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa in Spain: shame or pride? The facts of the reference of de Espinosa for the help to Portuguese authorities and subsequent presence on a situation of the captive invoke shame for de Espinosa? But is pure definitely, that after returning in Spain de Espinosa was not accused in anything.
If anybody feel a shame about de Espinosa, it is possible to comment: Spanish Monarch, king Carlos I, Emperor
And if to accept versions Kunin K.I. and anonymous writer of the article "Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa", de Espinosa at will of the Spanish Monarch has taken a rather honorary position (de Espinosa has received the arms, pension, high position).
For Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa it is not necessary to be ashamed. About situation historic facts speaking.
We shall be objective. Someone has drowned. Someone perished in the conflictings to the local residents of exotic terrains. Someone has deserted. Someone died from illnesses and other causes ... ...De Espinosa has appeared among those who has remained in alive, has bent a terrestrial globe, HAS RETURNED to Spain. Degree of successful of del Cano and of de Espinosa - different (miscellaneous). Del Cano has returned in Spain is honorary, saluting by a discharging of bombards. And de Espinosa - after some kind of the Portuguese capturing.
But de Espinosa was successful - that outside of doubt. The losses were in both parts of expedition.
Also we will make the amendment that de Espinosa is the "overland" person, not the professional seaman, not the professional navigator.
There are good causes to two titles of the first in a history of round-the-world expedition (basic - "expedition of Magallanes" and second - "expedition of Magallanes - del Cano") to combine third, "facultative": "expedition of Magallanes - del Cano - de Espinosa".