Щебечущая машина

Все это якобы было перформансом. Aja Romano makes the ‘performance art’ analogy in ‘How the alt– right uses internet trolling to confuse you into dismissing its ideology’, Vox, 11 January 2017.

Однако, как отмечает Сара Чон. . Jeong, The Internet of Garbage, pp. 22–5; Keith Stuart, ‘Zoe Quinn: “All Gamergate has done is ruin people’s lives”’, Guardian, 3 December 2014; Zachary Jason, ‘Game of Fear’, Boston Magazine, 28 April 2015; Alex Hern, ‘Gamergate hits new low with attempts to send Swat teams to critics’, Guardian, 13 January 2015.

Незадолго до теракта Минасян написал в Facebook. . Jason Wilson, ‘Toronto van attack: Facebook post may link suspect to misogynist “incel” subculture’, Guardian, 25 April 2018; ‘Elliot Rodger: How misogynist killer became “incel hero”’, BBC News, 26 April 2018; David Futrelle, ‘When a Mass Murderer Has a Cult Following’, The Cut (www.thecut.com), 27 April 2018; Justin Ling, ‘“Not as ironic as I imagined”: the incels spokesman on why he is renouncing them’, Guardian, 19 June 2018.

Во время беспредела, который учинил бывший школьник Николас Круз. . David Futrelle, ‘Incels hail “our savior St. Nikolas Cruz” for Valentine’s Day school shooting’, We Hunted the Mammoth, 14 February 2018; Anna North, ‘Men’s Rights Activists Come Out In Support Of Salon Killer’, Jezebel (www.jezebel.com), 14 October 2011.

Глава пятая

Примерно через двадцать минут. . Matthew Haag and Maya Salam, ‘Gunman in “Pizzagate” Shooting is Sentenced to 4 Years in Prison’, New York Times, 23 June 2017; ‘The saga of “Pizzagate”: The fake story that shows how conspiracy theories spread’, BBC Trending, 2 December 2016; Amanda Robb, ‘Anatomy of a Fake News Scandal’, Rolling Stone, 16 November 2017; Mark Segraves, ‘Charging documents for Edgar Welch’, Twitter.com, 5 December 2016; Andrew Kaczynski, ‘Michael Flynn quietly deletes fake news tweet about Hillary Clinton’s involvement in sex crimes’, CNN, 14 December 2016.

В культовом романе ужасов Джорджио де Марии. . Giorgio De Maria, The Twenty Days of Turin, W. W. Norton & Company Ltd: London, 2017.

Социальная индустрия – это одно мощное сосредоточение. . Nick Srnicek, Platform Capitalism, Polity Press: Cambridge, 2016.

Печатные тиражи в Великобритании. . ‘World Press Trends 2017: The audience– focused era arrives’, World News Publishing Focus, 6 August 2017; ‘Newspapers Fact Sheet’, Pew Research Center, 13 June 2018; Roy Greenslade, ‘Suddenly, national newspapers are heading for that print cliff fall’, Guardian, 27 May 2016.

Сдавая позиции интернету, короли британской прессы. . Robert Cookson, ‘UK publishers look to consolidate in print battle’, Financial Times, 10 April 2016; Anna Nicolaou, ‘Advertising revenues on US digital platforms set to surpass TV’, Financial Times, 8 June 2016.

Главным источником прибыли стали пользователи смартфонов. . Matthew Ingram, ‘Google and Facebook Account For Nearly All Growth in Digital Ads’, Fortune, 26 April 2017; John Koetsier, ‘Mobile Advertising Will Drive 75 % Of All Digital Ad Spend In 2018: Here’s What’s Changing’, Forbes, 23 February 2018.

Уже в 2016 году 62 % американцев. . Jeffrey Gottfried and Elisa Shearer, ‘News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2016’, Pew Research Center, 26 May 2016.

На втором месте YouTube. . Geoff Colvin, ‘Why Facebook and Google Still Resist Calling Themselves Media Companies’, Fortune, 16 November 2016.

Это лидеры среди пятидесяти крупнейших американских корпораций. . Simon Bowers, ‘Google expected to reveal growth of offshore cash funds to $43bn’, Guardian, 26 January 2016; Alanna Petroff, ‘Top 50 U.S. companies hold $1.4 trillion in cash offshore’, CNN, 14 April 2016.

В рамках проекта издателям. . Hannah Kuchler, ‘Facebook launches journalism project’, Financial Times, 11 January 2017.

Когда Марк Цукерберг пишет. . Jeff John Roberts, ‘Why Facebook Won’t Admit It’s a Media Company’, Fortune, 14 November 2016; Karissa Bell, ‘Facebook: We’re not a media company. Also Facebook: Watch our news shows’, Mashable, 8 June 2018.

Крайняя степень агностицизма Марка Цукерберга. . Kara Swisher, ‘Full transcript: Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg on Recode Decode’, Recode (www.recode.net), 18 July 2018; Alex Hern, ‘Mark Zuckerberg’s remarks on Holocaust denial “irresponsible”’, Guardian, 19 July 2018.

Традиционные СМИ, конкурирующие с Facebook. . Sam Thielman, ‘Facebook news selection is in hands of editors not algorithms, documents show’, Guardian, 12 May 2016.

Google поступил так, как поступил бы любой нормальный монополист. . Oscar Williams, ‘Google News Spain to be shut down: what does it mean?’, Guardian, 12 December 2014.