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199 John F. McClymer, "The Federal Government and the Americanization Movement, 1915-1924", Prologue,10 (Spring 1978), p. 24; Ronald Fernandez, "Getting Germans to Fight Germans: The Americanizers of World War I", The Journal of Ethnic Studies,9 (Summer 1981), p. 61.
200 Carlson, The Quest for Conformityp. 113; Edward George Hartmann, The Movement to Americanize the Immigrant(New York: Columbia University Press 1948), p. 92; Henry Ford, quoted in Otis L. Graham and Elizabeth Koed, "Americanizing the Immigrant, Past and Future", The Social
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Contract,4 (Winter 1993-94), p. 101; Gerd Korman, Industrialization, Immigrants and Americanization(Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1967), p. 147, 158-59; Higham, Strangers in the Land,p. 244-45.
201 Higham, Strangers in the Land,p. 249.
202 Carlson, The Quest for Conformity,p. 89-90.
203 John F. McClymer, "The Americanization Movement and the Education of the Foreign-Born Adult, 1914-25", in Bernard J. Weiss, ed., American Education and the European Immigrant, 1840-1940(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992), p. 98; McClymer, "The Federal Government and the Americanization Movement, 1915-1924", p. 40; Hartmann, The Movement to Americanize the Immigrant,p. 64ff.
204 Miller, The Unmaking of Americans,p. 221, 223.
205 Carl F. Kaestle, Pillars of the Republic: Common Schools and American Society, 1780-1860(New York: Hill Wang 1983), p. 161-62.
206 Stephen Steinberg, The Ethnic Myth: Race, Ethnicity, and Class in America(New York: Atheneum, 1981), p. 54.
207 Joel M. Roitman, The Immigrants, the Progressives, and the Schools(Stark, KS: De Young Press 1996), p.l; McClymer", The Americanization Movement", p. 103; Miller, The Unmaking of Americans,p. 49; Roitman, The Immigrants, the Progressives, and the Schools,p. 51-52; Carlson, The Quest for Conformity,p. 114; Reed Ueda, "When Assimilation Was the American Way", Washington Post, 2April 1995, p. R10.
208 Curti, Roots of American Loyalty,p. 223ff; Paul
209 Robin M. Williams, Jr., American Society: A Sociological Interpretation(New York: Knopf, 1952), p. 527, quoted in Gleason, Speaking of Diversity,p. 175.
210 Gleason , Speaking of Diversity,p. 175; Arthur A. Stein, The Nation at War(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980), p. 92; Philip Gleason, "American Identity and Americanization", in Stephan Thernstrom, ed., Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups(Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1980), p. 47; Albert
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O. Hirschman, Journeys Toward Progress(New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1963), p. 137. See also J.M. Winter, The Great War and the British People(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986).
211 Hedrick Smith, The Russians(New York: Quadrangle New York Times Books 1976), p. 302-03.
212 Jack Citrin, Ernst B. Haas, Christopher С Muste, Beth Reingold, "Is American Nationalism Changing? Implications for Foreign Policy", International Studies Quarterly,38 (March 1994), p. 3-5.
213 Robert D. Kaplan, "Fort Leavenworth and the Eclipse of Nationhood", Atlantic Monthly,278 (September 1996), p. 75ff; Diana Schaub, "On the Character of Generation X", The Public Interest,137 (Fall 1999), p. 23; George Lipsitz, "Dilemmas of Beset Nationhood: Patriotism, the Family, and Economic Change in the 1970s and 1980s", in Bodnar, ed., Bonds of Affection,p. 251ff; Walter Berns, "On Patriotism", The Public Interest,127 (Spring 1997), p. 31; Peter H. Schuck, Citizens, Strangers, and In-Betweens: Essays on Immigration and Citizenship(Boulder: Westview Press, 1998), p. 163ff.
214 Horace Kallen, quoted in Arthur Mann, The One and the Many: Reflections on the American Identity(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979), p. 143-144; Michael Walzer, What It Means To Be An American(New York: Marsilio, 1992), p. 62.
215 Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Disuniting of America(New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1992), p.43; Nathan Glazer, We Are All Multiculturalists Now(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997).
216 Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma: The Negro Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy(New York: Harper, 1944), p. 4.
217 Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Lecture on the Times", in Emerson, Prose Works(Boston: Fields, Osgood, 1870), vol. l,p. 149.
218 Andrew Kull, The Color-Blind Constitution(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992), p. 1-2, 146-148; U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Equal Protection of the
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Laws in Higher Education, 1960(Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1960), p. 148.
219 Senator Hubert Humphrey, 110 Congressional Record,1964, p. 6548-49, quoted in Edward J. Erler, "The Future of Civil Rights: Affirmative Action Redivivus", Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics, and Public Policy,11 (1997), p. 26.
220 Kull, Color-Blind Constitution,p. 202; Hugh Davis Graham, The Civil Rights Erea: Origins and Development of National Policy, 1960-1972(New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 150; Herman Belz, Equality Transformed: A Quarter Century of Affirmative Action(New Brunswick: Translation, 1991), p. 25; Nathan Glazer, Ethnic Dilemmas, 1964-1982(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983), p. 162.
221 Bayard Rustin, "From Protest to Politics: The Future of the Civil Rights Movement", Commentary,39 (Feb. 1965), p. 27; Glazer, Ethnic Dilemmas,p. 161-162.
222 Graham, Civil Rights Era,p. 250; Glazer, Ethnic Dilemmas,p. 262; Kull, Color-Blind Constitution,p. 200-203, quoting Labor Department regulations.
223 Kull, Color-Blind Constitution,p. 204-205; Belz, Equality Transformed,p. 51, 55
224 Kull, Color-Blind Constitution,p. 214-16.
225 Jack Citrin, "Affirmative Action in the People's Court", The Public Interest,122 (Winter 1996), p. 46; Seymour Martin Lipset, "Affirmative Action and the American Creed", Wilson Quarterly,16 (Winter 1992), p. 59.
226 Richard Kahlenberg, "Bob Dole's Colorblind Injustice", Washington Post National Weekly Edition,10-16 June 1996, p. 24; Stephan Thernstrom and Abigail Thernstrom, America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible(New York: Simon Schuster, 1997), p. 452; New York Times,1 June 2001, p. A17.